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M Afifuddin Muchith Usai diberlakukanya keadaan darurat oleh Presiden Musharraf (3/11/07), peta perpolitikan di Pakistan terus memanas dan berubah dengan cepat. Hampir semua publik Pakistan mengecam keras tindakan Musharaf tersebut. Kritik tajam juga datang dari dunia luar, seperti negara-negara yang tergabung dalam persemakmuran Inggris.
Mereka bahkan tidak hanya mengancam, tapi resmi telah membekukan keanggotaan Pakistan dari perkumpulan tersebut, hingga Musharraf mau mencabut kembali keputusannya dan mengembalikan konstitusi negara yang ia bekukan. Tidak ketinggalan, Amerika Serikat (AS) juga bersuara keras atas diberlakukannya keadaan darurat di Pakistan. George W Bush tidak hanya mendesak untuk menarik kembali keputusan keadaan darurat, tapi juga mendesaknya untuk menanggalkan baju militernya dan segera menggelar pemilu. Yang menjadi keraguan, benarkah Bush tulus bersuara keras kepada sahabat kentalnya tersebut? inilah pertanyaan menarik untuk ditelisik. Seperti yang sudah banyak diketahui publik dunia, bahwa Musharraf adalah sahabat dekat Bush. Bush rasanya akan kerepotan menggulung rezim Taliban di Afghanistan bila tidak dibantu Musharaf. Berangkat dari sini, Bush tidak ragu-ragu menganugerahi Musharraf gelar sebagai kunci sekutu dan anggota kehormatan NATO atas dukungannya dalam perang melawan terorisme. Inilah poin penting yang perlu digarisbawahi dari sikap politik AS terhadap Pakistan. Tetap mau Musharraf AS menyadari bahwa Musharraf adalah sosok yang masih sangat dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan agendanya di wilayah Asia Selatan. Letak Pakistan yang strategis, menjadi perhatian tersendiri bagi AS untuk selalu mengontrol setiap pemimpin yang memegang kekuasaan di negeri tersebut, guna mengintip kekuatan rival-rival AS di wilayah tersebut. Ditambah Pakistan adalah negara Muslim yang mempunyai senjata nuklir dan sangat menghawatirkan Barat bila tidak diawasi terus. Dengan purnanya masa jabatan lima tahun Musharraf sebagai presiden Pakistan pada tahun ini, Goerge Bush tentunya harus berhitung apakah akan mencari pengganti Musharraf atau tetap mendukungnya menduduki puncak kekuasaan untuk kedua kalinya? Inilah agenda Bush sekarang untuk menakar dua opsi tersebut dalam peta politik di Pakistan. Namun tampaknya Bush memilih opsi yang kedua, tetap mempertahankan Musharraf sebagai kawan politiknya. Bush kelihatannya tidak mau berjudi dengan mencari pengganti Musharraf yang terbukti telah cukup sukses menjalankan agenda AS. Di siniliah dua titik pararel kepentingan bertemu. Musharraf masih tetap berambisi duduk di puncak kekuasaan, sementara Gedung Putih juga memerlukan sosok yang loyal terhadapnya untuk mengamankan kepentingannya di wilayah Pakistan dan sekitarnya. Dari dua sudut inilah krisis politik di Pakistan dimulai. Kedua pihak saling memerlukan dan mempunyai kepentingan sama. Dari fenomena ini dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa kepentingan adalah 'segalanya' walau harus 'menggadaikan' demokrasi dan civil society yang selama ini gencar dipasarkan ke publik dunia oleh AS. Indikasi bahwa demokrasi telah tergadaikan di Pakistan adalah dibekukannya konstitusi Pakistan, pemecatan para hakim MA, dibungkamnya pers, dan sebagainya. Bahkan, Musharraf sendiri terang-terangan menolak demokrasi dan menyatakan bahwa negara lebih penting dari konstitusi dan demokrasi. Karena, menurut dia, konstitusi dan demokrasi bisa dibuat tapi negara siapa yang mampu membuat. Pernyataan Musharraf ini dalam perspektif keamanan negara kelihatanya bisa dibenarkan, namun bobotnya tidaklah seimbang bila ditakar dengan aroma kepentingan pribadinya yang terlihat menyengat hidung publik Pakistan. Fenomena ini bisa dibaca dari sebuah survei tanggal 5-6 November pascapengumuman keadaan darurat, yang menjaring opini 1,663 responden di empat provinsi berbeda di Pakistan. Dari survei tersebut dihasilkan hanya 19 persen mendukung diberlakukannya keadaan darurat, 67 persen menolak, dan 14 persen menyatakan tidak tahu. Survei ini sangat berbeda jauh bila dibandingkan saat Musharraf mengkudeta Nawaz Syarif 1999. Musharraf saat itu mengantongi 70 persen suara dukungan dari rakyat. Yang jadi pertanyaan, mengapa aksi 'mengangkangi' demokrasi dengan label kepentingan negara begitu mulus? Rasanya sulit diterima kalau tidak ada kekuatan besar di belakang Musharraf. Banyak pengamat mengendus adanya keterlibatan Gedung Putih di balik kesuksesan Musharraf menggenggam kekuasaan. Indikasi ini bisa dilihat dengan tidak adanya tekanan konkret dari Paman Sam untuk menghukum Pakistan, seperti halnya saat Musharraf melakukan kudeta pada 1999. Saat itu Amerika dan dunia international dengan tegas langsung menjatuhkan sanksi atas tindakan kudeta Musharraf terhadap pemerintahan sah Nawaz Syarif. IMF saat itu juga langsung menyetop memberikan pinjaman lagi. Negara persemakmuran Inggris tidak ketinggalan menjatuhkan sanksi berupa pembekuan keanggotaan Pakistan. Lalu pertanyaannya sekarang, mengapa AS tidak melakukan hal yang sama? Padahal substansinya tidak jauh berbeda dibanding saat Musharraf melakukan kudeta pada 1999, yaitu pembekuan konstitusi negara dan intervensi kepada lembaga judicial. Inilah tanda tanya yang mengantarkan kepada adanya dugaan sebuah skenario yang telah direncanakan. Bukti kuat Keengganan AS menjatuhkan sanksi terhadap Pakistan tercermin saat Deputi Menteri Luar Negeri AS, John Negroponte, diutus terbang ke Pakistan pascakeadaan darurat. Dalam pernyataannya di Islamabad, Negroponte sangat menyesalkan tindakan Musharraf memberlakukan keadaan darurat dan mendesaknya untuk segera mencabut keadaan darurat, melepas baju militer, menentukan tanggal pemilu dan membebaskan pers. Namun Negroponte tidak pernah mendesak Musharraf untuk menghormati independensi MA dan konstitusi yang dibekukan Musharraf. Ini menimbulkan kesan bahwa AS masih setengah hati dan bahkan tetap 'memuji' kontribusi Musharraf dalam perang melawan aksi terorisme. Indikiasi terakhir inilah yang menimbulkan tanda tanya dan kecurigaan bahwa AS tidak sungguh-sungguh dalam mengecam aksi Musharraf dan cenderung merestui tindakannya. Karena tanpa pengumuman keadaan darurat ini, bisa diprediksikan riwayat Musharraf akan tamat dan agenda AS otomatis akan tersendat. Lembaga MA Pakistan terlihat akan membatalkan keabsahan Musharraf menjadi presiden untuk yang kedua kalinya, karena mengandung cacat, yakni masih resmi menyandang baju militer saat ia maju dalam kontes pemilihan presiden (06/10/07). Fenomena ini semakin menguatkan dugaan bahwa ada tangan AS yang bermain dalam krisis politik di Pakistan. Kalau AS bersungguh-sungguh mengecam dan mendesak Pakistan untuk kembali kepada konstitusi negara dalam agendanya memasarkan demokrasi di Pakistan, maka ia tidak boleh mentolelir sebuah negara yang begitu terbuka memperkosa demokrasi. Pemasungan itu jelas bertentangan dengan asas-asas demokrasi. Ikhtisar - Krisis politik berkepanjangan yang terjadi di Pakistan kuat terindikasi mendapat intervensi dari Amerika Serikat (AS). - Hingga saat ini, AS masih menjadikan Musharraf sebagai 'sahabat dekat' dan diperlukan dalam kampanye berjudul global war on terrorism milik AS. - Dukungan AS terhadap Rezim Musharraf jelas-jelas menyalahi asas-asas demokrasi yang selama ini sangat dijunjung tinggi negara Paman Sam itu. |
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