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Di Balik Pembunuhan Benazir |
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Oleh: M. Niam Sutaman, LLMKandidat Doktor dariInternational Islamic UniversityIslamabad, Pakistan
Pemimpin partai oposisi PakistanBenazir Buttho pada Kamis(27/12) terbunuh pria bersenjatayang melancarkan beberapa tembakansebelum meledakkan diri dengan bom.Benazir tewas setelah berorasi di depanribuan pendukungnya di lapangan LiaqatBagh, Rawalpindi.
Selain Benazir,tidak kurang 20 orang tewas dan lebihdari 50 orang mengalami luka-luka dalaminsiden tersebut.Kini rakyat Pakistan dirundung kesedihanmendalam karena salah satu pemimpinmereka yang sering dijuluki“The Sister of Pakistan” bahkan “TheSister of Muslim Ummah”—seperti kataHamid Karzai, Presiden Afghanistan—telah terbunuh. Pendukung PakistanPeople Party (PPP) pimpinan Benazirjuga mengungkapkan kemarahan dengandemo perusakan dan pembakarandi berbagai kota Pakistan.Belum ada pihak tertuduh resmi ataumengaku bertanggung jawab atas terbunuhnyaBenazir. Bisa jadi elemenrival politik Benazir atau kaum milisiyang ada di belakang pembunuhan kejitersebut.Benazir akhir-akhir ini terlihatsangat vokal mengecam pemerintahanMusharraf sebagai diktator, antidemokrasidan militeristik.Benazir jugaberkali-kali menyatakan akan membersihkanPakistan dari bayang-bayangmilitanisme, talibanisme dan ekstremismeagama yang merusak demokrasi.Tetap saja itu sebuah spekulasi. Misteripembunuhan para pemimpin Pakistandalam sejarahnya tidak pernahterungkap. Pembunuhan PM pertamaPakistan Liaqat Ali Khan pada 1951 dantewasnya Presiden Ziaul Haq pada 1988belum pernah terjawab siapa dalangnyahingga detik ini. Tamparan bagi Demokrasi dan AS Terbunuhnya Benazir merupakantamparan keras bagi pejuang demokrasidan kekuatan politik liberal Pakistanyang mencoba membebaskan negeri itudari bayang-bayang militanisme dan terorisme.Tidak hanya itu, insiden tersebutjuga mengindikasikan skenariopolitik Amerika Serikat (AS) di negerimuslim ini tidak menuai hasil berarti. Seperti terlihat, Benazir sebagaipartner AS diharapkan mampu memuluskantransisi demokratisasi Pakistan darikekuasaan militer ke sipil dan mampumelanjutkan kepentingan AS di kawasanini,baik dalam operasi antiterorismaupun ancaman nuklir. Itu semuatelah kandas sebelum langkah berarti.Demokratisasi Pakistan, yang semuladiharapkan akan ditandai dengan pemilupada 8 Januari 2008 mendatang,juga dapat dipastikan tidak akan berjalanbaik. Bagi sebagian besar rakyatPakistan, pemilu tanpa adanya Benazirtidak akan mempunyai makna. NawazSharif, tokoh oposisi kedua, juga telahsecara resmi memboikot pemilu dan mengajakpartai-partai lain mengambillangkah serupa.Pemerintah Musharraf memang belummengumumkan penundaan ataupembatalan rencana pemilu. Namun, situasikeamanan masyarakat akan semakinburuk bila pemerintah tetap melangsungkanpemilu. Amuk massa pendukungPPP pasti akan semakin memanasdan merajalela dalam hari-hari ke depan.Belum lagi antusiasme masyarakat kepadapemilu yang cenderung melemahkarena kepercayaan rakyat terhadapkinerja pemerintah yang kian merosot. Musharraf Makin Sulit Terbunuhnya Benazir akan meninggalkansituasi sulit bagi Presiden Musharrafyang baru saja mencabut keadaandarurat pada 15 Desember 2007lalu. Pertama, pemerintah Musharrafsemakin tidak populer dan menjadi sasarankemarahan partai oposisi,khususnyapendukung Benazir karena dianggaptidak memberikan pengamananyang layak bagi tokoh-tokoh politikPakistan.Dia juga harus menghadapi tuntutanturun jabatan dari partai oposisi. Seperti apa yang dikatakan NawazSharif (17/12) bahwa biang keladi kerusuhandan kekerasan di Pakistan tidaklain karena rezim militer yang masihmemegang kekuasaan meski tidakdisukai rakyat.Kedua, Musharraf juga harus mampumengendalikan situasi keamanan danketertiban masyarakat di seluruh wilayahPakistan yang semakin bergolak.Tanpa itu, penegakan hukum dan demokratisasitidak akan bisa berproseslancar, bahkan situasi keamanan jugaakan semakin gawat karena elemenelemenbersenjata baik dari kalanganmilitan Islam maupun lainnya bisamemanfaatkan situasi yang ada untukkepentingan politik mereka. Ketiga, saat ini Musharraf hanya sebagaipresiden sipil dan tidak lagi memegangkomando angkatan bersenjataPakistan. Akankah militer Pakistantetap akan tetap setia kepadanya,meskipun situasi keamanan terus bergolakdan terjadi ancaman integritasdalam negeri? Ataukah sebaliknya yangterjadi, militer akan tampil kembali kepolitik Pakistan dengan pemberlakuankeadaan darurat kembali atau bahkanhukum militer,“martial law”?Bisa saja, AS tetap memberikan dukungankepada Musharraf karena tidakada pilihan lain saat ini yang dapat menjaminkepentingan AS di Pakistan dandapat melanjutkan proses demokratisasi,sehingga dia tetap dengan jabatan dankebijakan politiknya selama ini,lalu menjalankanpemilu. Namun, tentu saja ancamankekerasan dan terorisme di Pakistanterus membayangi Pakistan dan tidakakan berhenti. Pemilu bila tetap dilanjutkantanpa keikutsertaan dan dukunganpartai-partai politik oposisi sudah pastiakan diragukan keabsahannya. Mungkin Musharraf dan AS harusmau mundur selangkah untuk mendengarkantuntutan rakyat dan partaioposisi Pakistan dalam mencari jalanmengupayakan proses demokratisasiyang lebih terbuka dan fair. AS jugaharus mulai menghentikan kecurigaanterhadap Nawaz Sharif yang dianggapterlalu dekat dengan kalangan milisiIslam garis keras dan mendudukannyasebagai sebuah realitas politik yangdiperhitungkan. Realitas umat Islamyang beragam aliran politik danideologinya di Pakistan perlu di akomodasidan dicarikan titik temu kepentingannya,bukan hanya dengan menyerangdan membungkam kelompok yangdianggap membahayakan. Semua elemen politik Pakistan haruskembali duduk bersama dan saling mendengaruntuk mencari jalan terbaik melancarkanproses demokratisasi.Tanpaitu,yang terjadi adalah apa yang selamabeberapa bulan ini kita saksikan, yaitupolitik kekerasan, politik bom bunuhdiri,dan politik teror yang akan merenggutlebih banyak lagi nyawa tidak bersalah.Semua yakin, politik kekerasanseperti itu tidak akan pernah melahirkandemokrasi yang hakiki dan menyejahterakanrakyat. http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/opini/di-balik-pembunuhan-benazir.html |
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